Use caution, moderation, and lots of hydration
When the National Weather Service issued excessive heat warnings recently, it did so for a very good reason. High temperatures, especially when combined with high levels of humidity, not only make for uncomfortable conditions, but dangerous ones as well.
When summer temperatures reach a sizzling 80 degrees Fahrenheit or more, the body can become overheated, resulting in severe heat illness and even death.
People who are at highest risk for heat-related illness are those who are homeless, the elderly, the very young, pregnant women, and people with mental illness, high blood pressure, and chronic diseases. But even young and healthy people can get sick from the heat if they participate in strenuous physical activities or work outside during hot weather.
Dehydration is the first stage of heat-related illness and occurs when body fluids are lost by sweating, and not replaced. Symptoms include dry mouth, thirst, headache, dizziness, cramps, excessive fatigue and irritability. If dehydration occurs, move to a shaded or air-conditioned area, replace fluids by drinking water, and consult a physician if symptoms persist.
The next, more serious stage of heat-related illness is heat exhaustion. Heat exhaustion typically occurs when people exercise or work in warm, humid conditions where excessive sweating leads to fluid loss. This loss of essential fluid can cause reduced blood flow to vital organs, which results in shock.
Signs of heat exhaustion can include heavy sweating; pale or flushed complexion; muscle cramps; slightly elevated body temperature; headache; clammy, pale skin; nausea; dizziness; confusion; weakness and fatigue. To treat heat exhaustion, seek shade in a cool place, rehydrate, and apply a cool, wet towel or compress. Heat exhaustion can develop into heat stroke, so if symptoms persist or worsen, seek emergency medical treatment.
Heat stroke, the most severe stage of heat-related illness, occurs when the body becomes unable to control its temperature. The body’s temperature rises rapidly, the sweating mechanism fails, and the body is unable to cool down. When heat stroke occurs, the body temperature can rise to 106 degrees Fahrenheit or higher within 10 to 15 minutes.
Symptoms of heat stroke can include vomiting; headache; chills; confusion; dizziness; high body temperature (sometimes as high as 105 degrees Fahrenheit); red, hot, dry skin; and a rapid, weak pulse. Heat stroke can be deadly, so it’s important to call 911 for immediate medical help. Try to cool the person down by moving them to a cool, shaded, or air-conditioned area. If possible, put them in a tub of cool water or shower them with a garden hose.
Personal factors, such as obesity, mental illness, poor circulation, and prescription drug and alcohol use can play a role in whether a person can stay cool in very hot weather.
Everyone can take steps to prevent heat-related illnesses and deaths during hot weather:
· Use air conditioning or spend time in air-conditioned locations, such as such as cooling centers, libraries or stores.
· Drink plenty of water or nonalcoholic fluids
· Minimize direct exposure to the sun
· Limit time outdoors as much as possible, but take frequent breaks if you must be outside
· Avoid alcohol, and drinks with large amounts of caffeine or sugar
· Wear loose, lightweight, light-colored clothing
· Take a cool shower, bath, or swim to cool down.
· Check on your friends and neighbors, especially those who are older or have health issues.
· Use fans as needed, but remember that once the temperature reaches the high 90s, fans will not prevent heat illness
· Never leave children, the elderly, or pets unattended in a vehicle in extreme heat, even with the windows rolled down.
The next time Mother Nature turns up the heat, enjoy with caution, moderation, and lots of hydration.